Prophecies of Jesus-5

1. Messiah would be a descendant of Isaac.

   
   

   Old Testament Scripture. Gen. 17:19; 21:12

   
   

   New Testament Fulfillment. Like 3:34

   
   

Gen. 17:19 And God said, Sarah thy wife shall bear thee a son indeed; and thou shalt call his name Isaac: and I will establish my covenant with him for an everlasting covenant, and with his seed after him.

And God (the Father)... parentheses mine

אלהים

'ĕlôhı̂ym

Definition:

1) (plural)

1a) rulers, judges

1b) divine ones

1c) angels

1d) gods

2) (plural intensive - singular meaning)

2a) god, goddess

2b) godlike one

2c) works or special possessions of God

2d) the (true) God

2e) God

Part of Speech: noun masculine plural

said,...

אמר

'âmar

Definition:

1) to say, speak, utter

1a) (Qal) to say, to answer, to say in one’s heart, to think, to command, to promise, to intend

1b) (Niphal) to be told, to be said, to be called

1c) (Hithpael) to boast, to act proudly

1d) (Hiphil) to avow, to avouch

Part of Speech: verb

Sarah...

שׂרה

śârâh

Definition:

Sarah = “noblewoman”

1) wife of Abraham and mother of Isaac

Part of Speech: noun proper feminine

thy (Abraham) wife...

נשׁים / אשּׁה

'ishshâh / nâshı̂ym

Definition:

1) woman, wife, female

1a) woman (opposite of man)

1b) wife (woman married to a man)

1c) female (of animals)

1d) each, every (pronoun)

Part of Speech: noun feminine

Yet God assured him that she would bear… a son whose name would be Isaac, meaning “he laughs” (Gen. 17:19). His name would be a constant reminder that a word from God was laughed at. Ishmael was not forgotten, however, for God said he would have many descendants also. Even the number of Ishmael’s sons - 12 - was predicted. Their names are recorded in Gen. 25:13-15.

shall bear...

ילד

yâlad

Definition:

1) to bear, bring forth, beget, gender, travail

1a) (Qal)

1a1) to bear, bring forth

1a1a) of child birth

1a1b) of distress (simile)

1a1c) of wicked (behaviour)

1a2) to beget

1b) (Niphal) to be born

1c) (Piel)

1c1) to cause or help to bring forth

1c2) to assist or tend as a midwife

1c3) midwife (participle)

1d) (Pual) to be born

1e) (Hiphil)

1e1) to beget (a child)

1e2) to bear (figuratively - of wicked bringing forth iniquity)

1f) (Hophal) day of birth, birthday (infinitive)

1g) (Hithpael) to declare one’s birth (pedigree)

Part of Speech: verb

thee (Abraham) a son...

בּן

bên

Definition:

1) son, grandson, child, member of a group

1a) son, male child

1b) grandson

1c) children (plural - male and female)

1d) youth, young men (plural)

1e) young (of animals)

1f) sons (as characterization, i.e. sons of injustice [for unrighteous men] or sons of God [for angels])

1g) people (of a nation) (plural)

1h) of lifeless things, i.e. sparks, stars, arrows (figuratively)

1i) a member of a guild, order, class

Part of Speech: noun masculine

indeed;...

אבל

'ăbâl

Definition:

1) truly, verily, surely

2) but, however, howbeit

3) contrariwise, nay rather (negative)

Part of Speech: adverb

and thou (Abraham) shalt call...

קרא

qârâ'

Definition:

1) to call, call out, recite, read, cry out, proclaim

1a) (Qal)

1a1) to call, cry, utter a loud sound

1a2) to call unto, cry (for help), call (with name of God)

1a3) to proclaim

1a4) to read aloud, read (to oneself), read

1a5) to summon, invite, call for, call and commission, appoint, call and endow

1a6) to call, name, give name to, call by

1b) (Niphal)

1b1) to call oneself

1b2) to be called, be proclaimed, be read aloud, be summoned, be named

1c) (Pual) to be called, be named, be called out, be chosen

Part of Speech: verb

את

'êth

Definition:

1) sign of the definite direct object, not translated in English but generally preceding and indicating the accusative

Part of Speech: untranslated particle

his name...

שׁם

shêm

Definition:

1) name

1a) name

1b) reputation, fame, glory

1c) the Name (as designation of God)

1d) memorial, monument

Part of Speech: noun masculine

Isaac:...

יצחק

yitschâq

Definition:

Isaac = “he laughs”

1) son of Abraham by Sarah his wife and father of Jacob and Esau

Part of Speech: noun proper masculine

and I (God) will establish...

קוּם

qûm

Definition:

1) to rise, arise, stand, rise up, stand up

1a) (Qal)

1a1) to arise

1a2) to arise (hostile sense)

1a3) to arise, become powerful

1a4) to arise, come on the scene

1a5) to stand

1a5a) to maintain oneself

1a5b) to be established, be confirmed

1a5c) to stand, endure

1a5d) to be fixed

1a5e) to be valid

1a5f) to be proven

1a5g) to be fulfilled

1a5h) to persist

1a5i) to be set, be fixed

1b) (Piel)

1b1) to fulfill

1b2) to confirm, ratify, establish, impose

1c) (Polel) to raise up

1d) (Hithpael) to raise oneself, rise up

1e) (Hiphil)

1e1) to cause to arise, raise

1e2) to raise, set up, erect, build

1e3) to raise up, bring on the scene

1e4) to raise up, rouse, stir up, investigate

1e5) to raise up, constitute

1e6) to cause to stand, set, station, establish

1e7) to make binding

1e8) to carry out, give effect to

1f) (Hophal) to be raised up

Part of Speech: verb

את

'êth

Definition:

1) sign of the definite direct object, not translated in English but generally preceding and indicating the accusative

Part of Speech: untranslated particle

My (God) covenant...

בּרית

berı̂yth

Definition:

1) covenant, alliance, pledge

1a) between men

1a1) treaty, alliance, league (man to man)

1a2) constitution, ordinance (monarch to subjects)

1a3) agreement, pledge (man to man)

1a4) alliance (of friendship)

1a5) alliance (of marriage)

1b) between God and man

1b1) alliance (of friendship)

1b2) covenant (divine ordinance with signs or pledges)

2) (phrases)

2a) covenant making

2b) covenant keeping

2c) covenant violation

Part of Speech: noun feminine

with...

את

'êth

Definition:

1) with, near, together with

1a) with, together with

1b) with (of relationship)

1c) near (of place)

1d) with (poss.)

1e) from...with, from (with other preposition)

Part of Speech: preposition

him for an everlasting...

עלם / עולם

‛ôlâm

Definition:

1) long duration, antiquity, futurity, for ever, ever, everlasting, evermore, perpetual, old, ancient, world

1a) ancient time, long time (of past)

1b) (of future)

1b1) for ever, always

1b2) continuous existence, perpetual

1b3) everlasting, indefinite or unending future, eternity

Part of Speech: noun masculine

covenant,... see above

and with his (Isaac) seed...

זרע

zera‛

Definition:

1) seed, sowing, offspring

1a) a sowing

1b) seed

1c) semen virile

1d) offspring, descendants, posterity, children

1e) of moral quality

1e1) a practitioner of righteousness (figuratively)

1f) sowing time (by metonymy)

Part of Speech: noun masculine

after...

אחר

'achar

Definition:

1) after the following part, behind (of place), hinder, afterwards (of time)

1a) as an adverb

1a1) behind (of place)

1a2) afterwards (of time)

1b) as a preposition

1b1) behind, after (of place)

1b2) after (of time)

1b3) besides

1c) as a conjunction

1c) after that

1d) as a substantive

1d1) hinder part

1e) with other prepositions

1e1) from behind

1e2) from following after

Part of Speech: may act as an adverb, preposition, conjunction, or substantive

him (Isaac)...

Gen. 21:12 And God said unto Abraham, Let it not be grievous in thy sight because of the lad, and because of thy bondwoman; in all that Sarah hath said unto thee, hearken unto her voice; for in Isaac shall thy seed be called.

God provided the child of promise to Abraham and to Sarah… at the very time God had promised (cf. Gen 18:10). They responded in faith by (a) naming him Isaac (Gen. 21:3), (b) circumcising him according to the covenant (Gen. 21:4; cf. Gen. 17:9-14, and (c) praising God for this amazing fulfillment (Gen. 21:6-7).

The name Isaac (“he laughs”) is cleverly explained in this passage. Sarah said that God gave her laughter (Gen. 21:6), that is, joy. Her laughter of unbelief (Gen. 18:12) was now changed to rejoicing through the provision of her son. Everyone who would hear about this would laugh, that is rejoice, with her. But Ishmael turned her laughter into a ridiculing mockery (see Gen. 21:9) of God’s work.

And God...

אלהים

'ĕlôhı̂ym

Definition:

1) (plural)

1a) rulers, judges

1b) divine ones

1c) angels

1d) gods

2) (plural intensive - singular meaning)

2a) god, goddess

2b) godlike one

2c) works or special possessions of God

2d) the (true) God

2e) God

Part of Speech: noun masculine plural

said...

אמר

'âmar

Definition:

1) to say, speak, utter

1a) (Qal) to say, to answer, to say in one’s heart, to think, to command, to promise, to intend

1b) (Niphal) to be told, to be said, to be called

1c) (Hithpael) to boast, to act proudly

1d) (Hiphil) to avow, to avouch

Part of Speech: verb

unto...

אל

l'e / 'êl / 'el

Definition:

1) to, toward, unto (of motion)

2) into (limit is actually entered)

2a) in among

3) toward (of direction, not necessarily physical motion)

4) against (motion or direction of a hostile character)

5) in addition to, to

6) concerning, in regard to, in reference to, on account of

7) according to (rule or standard)

8) at, by, against (of one’s presence)

9) in between, in within, to within, unto (idea of motion to)

Part of Speech: preposition

Abraham,...

אברהם

'abrâhâm

Definition:

Abraham = “father of a multitude” or “chief of multitude”

1) friend of God and founder of Hebrew nation via God’s elective covenant

Part of Speech: noun proper masculine

Let it not...

אל

'al

Definition:

1) not, no, nor, neither, nothing (as wish or preference)

1a) do not, let not (with a verb)

1b) let there not be (with a verb understood)

1c) not, no (with substantive)

1d) nothing (as substantive)

Part of Speech: negative adverb

God used this incident of Ishmael’s mocking Isaac to drive out the child Ishmael and Hagar (Gen. 21:10), for they would be a threat to the promised seed. The word “mocking” is m^eṣaḥēq (“laughing or jesting”), from which comes “Isaac”(yiṣḥāq). Earlier Sarah had mistreated Hagar (Gen. 16:6); now Hagar’s son was mistreating Sarah’s son. Earlier Sarah caused pregnant Hagar to flee (Gen. 16:6); now she caused Hagar and her 16-or 17-year-old son to flee.

be grievous...

רעע

râ‛a‛

Definition:

1) to be bad, be evil

1a) (Qal)

1a1) to be displeasing

1a2) to be sad

1a3) to be injurious, be evil

1a4) to be wicked, be evil (ethically)

1b) (Hiphil)

1b1) to do an injury or hurt

1b2) to do evil or wickedly

1b3) mischief (participle)

2) to break, shatter

2a) (Qal)

2a1) to break

2a2) broken (participle)

2a3) to be broken

2b) (Hithpolel) to be broken, be broken in pieces, be broken asunder

Part of Speech: verb

Abraham was 86 when Ishmael was born [Gen. 16:16], and 100 when Isaac was born [Gen_21:5], and Isaac was probably weaned [Gen. 21:8] at age 2 or 3.) When Abraham became distressed because of Sarah’s request to oust Hagar and Ishmael, God assured Abraham that Ishmael would have a future because he too was Abraham’s offspring (Gen. 21:11-13).

in thy sight...

עין

‛ayin

Definition:

1) eye

1a) eye

1a1) of physical eye

1a2) as showing mental qualities

1a3) of mental and spiritual faculties (figuratively)

2) spring, fountain

Part of Speech: noun feminine or masculine

because of...

על

‛al

Definition:

1) upon, on the ground of, according to, on account of, on behalf of, concerning, beside, in addition to, together with, beyond, above, over, by, on to, towards, to, against (preposition)

1a) upon, on the ground of, on the basis of, on account of, because of, therefore, on behalf of, for the sake of, for, with, in spite of, notwithstanding, concerning, in the matter of, as regards

1b) above, beyond, over (of excess)

1c) above, over (of elevation or pre-eminence)

1d) upon, to, over to, unto, in addition to, together with, with (of addition)

1e) over (of suspension or extension)

1f) by, adjoining, next, at, over, around (of contiguity or proximity)

1g) down upon, upon, on, from, up upon, up to, towards, over towards, to, against (with verbs of motion)

1h) to (as a dative)

2) because that, because, notwithstanding, although (conjunction)

Part of Speech: see above in Definition

the lad,...

נער

na‛ar

Definition:

1) a boy, lad, servant, youth, retainer

1a) boy, lad, youth

1b) servant, retainer

Part of Speech: noun masculine

and because of... see above.

thy (Abraham) bondwoman;...

אמה

'âmâh

Definition:

1) maid-servant, female slave, maid, handmaid, concubine

1a) of humility (figuratively)

Part of Speech: noun feminine

in all...

כּול / כּל

kôl / kôl

Definition:

1) all, the whole

1a) all, the whole of

1b) any, each, every, anything

1c) totality, everything

Part of Speech: noun masculine

that...

אשׁר

'ăsher

Definition:

1) (relative participle)

1a) which, who

1b) that which

2) (conjunction)

2a) that (in object clause)

2b) when

2c) since

2d) as

2e) conditional if

Part of Speech: relative particle

Sarah...

שׂרה

śârâh

Definition:

Sarah = “noblewoman”

1) wife of Abraham and mother of Isaac

Part of Speech: noun proper feminine

hath said... see said above.

unto... see above.

thee, (Abraham) hearken...

שׁמע

shâma‛

Definition:

1) to hear, listen to, obey (verb)

1a) (Qal)

1a1) to hear (perceive by ear)

1a2) to hear of or concerning

1a3) to hear (have power to hear)

1a4) to hear with attention or interest, listen to

1a5) to understand (language)

1a6) to hear (of judicial cases)

1a7) to listen, give heed

1a7a) to consent, agree

1a7b) to grant request

1a8) to listen to, yield to

1a9) to obey, be obedient

1b) (Niphal)

1b1) to be heard (of voice or sound)

1b2) to be heard of

1b3) to be regarded, be obeyed

1c) (Piel) to cause to hear, call to hear, summon

1d) (Hiphil)

1d1) to cause to hear, tell, proclaim, utter a sound

1d2) to sound aloud (musical term)

1d3) to make proclamation, summon

1d4) to cause to be heard

2) sound (noun masculine)

Part of Speech: see above in Definition

unto her (Sarah) voice;...

קל / קול

qôl

Definition:

1) voice, sound, noise

1a) voice

1b) sound (of instrument)

2) lightness, frivolity

Part of Speech: noun masculine

for...

כּי

kı̂y

Definition:

1) that, for, because, when, as though, as, because that, but, then, certainly, except, surely, since

1a) that

1a1) yea, indeed

1b) when (of time)

1b1) when, if, though (with a concessive force)

1c) because, since (causal connection)

1d) but (after negative)

1e) that if, for if, indeed if, for though, but if

1f) but rather, but

1g) except that

1h) only, nevertheless

1i) surely

1j) that is

1k) but if

1l) for though

1m) forasmuch as, for therefore

Part of Speech: conjunction

The two emphases (Gen. 21:1-13) then are these: the birth of Isaac (in which the naming commemorated the fulfillment and the circumcision confirmed the covenant), and the expulsion of Ishmael as the removal of the threat. Once the promised child was received, Abraham and Sarah, rejoicing in God’s miraculous provision, had to avoid any possible threat to Isaac’s inheritance. Because God chose one son, His choice had to be protected. Abraham and Sarah had to expel Ishmael.

in Isaac...

יצחק

yitschâq

Definition:

Isaac = “he laughs”

1) son of Abraham by Sarah his wife and father of Jacob and Esau

Part of Speech: noun proper masculine

shall thy (Abraham) seed...

זרע

zera‛

Definition:

1) seed, sowing, offspring

1a) a sowing

1b) seed

1c) semen virile

1d) offspring, descendants, posterity, children

1e) of moral quality

1e1) a practitioner of righteousness (figuratively)

1f) sowing time (by metonymy)

Part of Speech: noun masculine

be called...

קרא

qârâ'

Definition:

1) to call, call out, recite, read, cry out, proclaim

1a) (Qal)

1a1) to call, cry, utter a loud sound

1a2) to call unto, cry (for help), call (with name of God)

1a3) to proclaim

1a4) to read aloud, read (to oneself), read

1a5) to summon, invite, call for, call and commission, appoint, call and endow

1a6) to call, name, give name to, call by

1b) (Niphal)

1b1) to call oneself

1b2) to be called, be proclaimed, be read aloud, be summoned, be named

1c) (Pual) to be called, be named, be called out, be chosen

Part of Speech: verb

Luke 3:34 Which was the son of Jacob, which was the son of Isaac, which was the son of Abraham, which was the son of Thara, which was the son of Nachor,

Luke’s and Matthew’s lists from David to Shealtiel (during the time of the Exile) differ. That is because the lists trace different lines. Luke traced David’s line through Nathan, whereas Matthew traced it through Solomon. Following Shealtiel’s son, Zerubbabel, the lists once again differ until both lists unite at Joseph whom, Luke noted, was “thought” to be the father of Jesus. Little doubt exists that Matthew’s genealogy traced the kingly line of David - the royal legal line. The question is, What is the significance of Luke’s genealogy? Two main possibilities exist.

1. Luke was tracing the line of Mary. Many interpreters argue that Luke was giving the genealogy of Mary, showing that she also was in the line of David and that therefore Jesus was qualified as the Messiah not only through Joseph (since he was the oldest legal heir) but also through Mary.

2. Luke was tracing the actual line of Joseph. This view maintains that the legal line and the actual line of David through which Jesus came met at Joseph, the supposed father of Jesus. In this view Jacob, Joseph’s uncle, would have died childless and therefore Joseph would have been the closest living heir. Thus Joseph and then Jesus would have been brought into the royal line.

Both views have problems which are difficult to answer, not the least of which is the fact that the two genealogies meet at Shealtiel and Zerubbabel and then split a second time only to come together at Joseph and Jesus. (Cf. see Mat. 1:12.) Regardless of one’s view it is important to note an important aspect of the theology Luke expressed in his genealogy. He related Jesus not only to Abraham but all the way back to Adam and to God. This is an indication of the universal offer of salvation, which is common to his Gospel - that Jesus came to save all people - Gentiles as well as the nation of Israel (cf. Luke 2:32).